Infectious Diseases

One Health and Emerging Global Threats

The One Health approach recognizes that the health of humans, animals, and ecosystems are interconnected. Many emerging infectious diseases—including Ebola, COVID-19, avian influenza, and Nipah virus—have zoonotic origins, highlighting the need for integrated surveillance and response systems. Environmental changes, deforestation, intensive farming, and climate change increase the likelihood of cross-species transmission and disease spill over. One Health strategies aim to bring together professionals from human health, veterinary medicine, environmental science, and public policy to address these complex challenges. Surveillance of animal reservoirs, regulation of wildlife trade, and environmental risk assessment are central components. Cross-sector collaboration enhances early detection, improves outbreak preparedness, and supports global pandemic prevention. Education, funding, and political commitment are essential to operationalize One Health at national and international levels. By promoting interdisciplinary cooperation, One Health offers a sustainable framework to reduce infectious disease risks and strengthen global health security.