Infectious Diseases

Bacteria are acellular microorganisms, referred to as prokaryotes. Microorganisms take 3 main shapes: Spherical, Rod, and Spiral. Bacteria can live in almost any type of environment, from extreme heat to intense cold, and few will even survive in radioactive waste.  Some “good” bacteria attack “bad” bacteria and prevent them from causing illness. However, some bacterial diseases are often deadly.

Viral infections occur due to infection with a germ. Viruses contain a bit of genetic code, and a coat of protein and lipid (fat) molecules guards them. Viruses invade a host and assign themselves to a cell. As they enter the cell, they discharge their genetic material. This material forces the cell to duplicate the virus, and the virus grows.

A fungus is often a multicellular parasite that can molder and engross organic matter using an enzyme. Many fungal infections grow in the upper layers of the skin, and some growth in the deeper layers. Inhaled yeast or mold spores can occasionally lead to fungal infections, such as pneumonia, or infections all over the body.

A parasite is an organism that exists inside or on a host. Around 70% are not noticeable to the human eye, such as the malarial parasite, but certain worm parasites can reach over 30 meters in length. Parasites are not an illness, but they can feast on diseases. Different parasites have dissimilar effects.

Your skin is the main organ of your body. Its purpose is to protect your body from infection. Sometimes the skin itself becomes infected. Mild infections may be curable with over-the-counter medications and home remedies, whereas other infections may require medical care.

Viruses and microorganisms sometimes invade the body, contaminating various organs and causing everything from mild disturbances to severe difficulties. Bacterial organisms are frequently to blame, but animal parasites and fungi can also origin infection. Neurological infections happen when these viruses and organisms invade the nervous system.

Eye infections occur when some harmful organism invades a part of your eye. The cause of the infection is often bacterial or viral, but it may be due to some other reason. There can be many types of eye infections that can contain conjunctivitis, keratitis, acanthamoeba keratitis, etc. When it comes to dealing with potential eye infections, prevention is the finest therapy.

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are infectious diseases relating to the respiratory tract. An infection of this type typically is further classified as an upper respiratory tract infection or a lower respiratory tract infection. Lower metabolism infections, like respiratory illness, tend to be way more severe than higher metabolism infections, like a respiratory disease.

A urinary tract infection is an infection in any portion of your urinary system, which contains your kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra. If you are a woman, your chance of receiving a UTI is high. Some specialists rank your lifetime risk of getting one as high as 1 in 2, with many women having repeat infections, sometimes for ages. About 1 in 10 men will grow a UTI in their lifetime.

Tropical diseases are diseases that are prevalent in or unique to tropical and subtropical regions. The diseases are less prevalent in temperate climates, due in part to the occurrence of a cold season, which controls the insect population by forcing hibernation. However, many were present in northern Europe and northern America in the 17^th and 18^th centuries before modern understanding of disease causation.

The initial impetus for tropical medicine was to protect the health of colonial settlers, notably in India under the British Raj. Insects such as mosquitoes and flies are by far the most common disease carrier, or vector. These insects may carry a parasite, bacterium or virus that is infectious to humans and animals. Most often disease is transmitted by an insect "bite", which causes transmission of the infectious agent through subcutaneous blood exchange. Vaccines are not available for most of the diseases listed here, and many do not have cures.

Human exploration of tropical rainforests, deforestation, rising immigration and increased international air travel and other tourism to tropical regions has led to an increased incidence of such diseases to non-tropical countries.

Paediatric infectious diseases are those that happen in children from birth to 10 years. 2/3^rd of the deaths of children in the past 10 years were produced by infectious diseases. New-borns are at advanced risk as their immune system is immature and cannot battle infections.

Antibiotics are gathered into "families" of similar kinds. Antibiotics are usually set aside for bacterial infections because these types of medicines have no effect on diseases caused by viruses. But sometimes it is hard to tell which type of germ is at work. Antiviral drugs are the drugs which are used to treat the viral infections.

The vaccine is a biological preparation that cares immune system to fight particular diseases. It competes for an important role in saving lives and greatly ever-changing the burden of the many infectious diseases. Consciousness and efficiency of Vaccination have made many sicknesses occasional over years.

Preventive measures suggest any affordable measures taken by anyone in response to an occasion, to prevent, minimize, or mitigate loss or injury, or to impact environmental clean-up.

Public health is the discipline which deals with the science and art of preventing infections by improving the health of population.

Infection prevention and control (IPC) is a systematic approach and practical solution considered to avoid harm caused by infection to patients and health personnel. IPC lives in a unique position in the field of patient safety and quality. The necessity for having IPC programs nationally and at the ability level is clearly strengthened within the WHO 100 Core Health Indicators list.

Pharmacology and Therapeutics is a source for advances in human therapeutics, transcends the drug discovery and development. It includes the study of pathophysiology of infectious diseases and mechanism of drug action, adverse drug effects, therapeutics and toxicology.

Molecular Diagnostic Techniques developed a revolution in the diagnosing and monitoring pattern of infectious diseases. Advances in molecular diagnostic techniques over the past 10 years initiated new approach for microbial identification and characterization.