12^th Euro-Global Conference on Infectious Diseases October 5-6, 2020 Vienna, Austria

Biography:

Dr.Rahul Hajare was fortunate enough to be recognized for hard work with scholarships from India Council of Medical Research Ministry of Health Research New Delhi scholarship including a centenary post doc National AIDS Research Institute Pune that is presented by Respected Dr. R.S.Paranjape, Immunologist and World Renowned Scientist., Retired Director & Scientist ‘G’ National AIDS Research Institute Pune. His initial journey was a quest to heal with a different kind of highly education and did a sponsorship at the Ana Laboratory in Mumbai. After completing his training, he was privileged to practice in KLE College of Pharmacy Bangalore as a board certified Secretary KLE society Belgavi, .he was work to formerly reputed Pune University and services to be recognized by special Investigation team (SIT) for work in education.

Abstract:

A female mind reacts much more and is more stimulated than a male one when aroused. Turns out, a woman's mind is much more complex than a male's when it comes to intimacy. According to a recent Pune University study, a female mind reacts much more and is more stimulated than a male one when transition of morphine to functional morphine. In the study conducted on 20 men and 20 women, each of the individuals was shown erotic film clips while their brain vitals were scanned by two scanners. One of the scanners was an MRI machine that tracked stimulation in their brains. The other was a heat-seeking camera that measured levels of arousal through participant's genitals. While not massive, the recorded difference between stimulation levels between male and female brains highlighted the consistent disparity between the two counterparts. There were no brain regions in men with stronger brain-genital correlations than in women", the study stated, according to the Independent. While interesting, the sample size for the study was too small, according to researcher Pune University. He further added that more detailed research would be required to draw such certain conclusions. However, he did not deny the complexity of female arousal.

Biography:

K. M. Yacob is a practicing physician in the field of healthcare in the state of Kerala in India for the last 31 years and very much interested in basic research. His interest is spread across the fever, inflammation, and back pain. He is a writer. He has already printed and published nine books on these subjects. He wrote hundreds of articles in various magazines. After scientific studies, we have developed 8000 affirmative cross-checking questions. It can explain all queries related to fever.

Abstract:

When the disease becomes a threat to life or organs blood circulation decreases, Temperature of fever will emerge to increase prevailing blood circulation. And it acts as a protective covering of the body to sustain life. When blood flow decreases to the brain, the patient becomes fainted-delirious. If we try to decrease the temperature of fever, the blood circulation will further be reduced. Blood circulation never increases without temperature increase. Delirious can never be cured without an increase in blood circulation. The temperature of fever is not a surplus temperature, or it is not to be eliminated from the body. During fever, our body temperature increases like a brooding hen`s increased body temperature. The actual treatment to fever is to increase blood circulation. Two ways to increase blood circulation.

1. Never allow body temperature to lose
2. Apply heat from outside to the body.

When the temperature produced by the body due to fever and heat which we applied on the body combines together, the blood circulation increases. Then the body will stop to produce heat to increase blood circulation. And the body will get extra heat from outside without any usage of energy.

How can we prove that the temperature of fever is to increase blood circulation?

If we ask any type of question-related to fever by assuming that the temperature of fever is to increase blood circulation we will get a clear answer. If avoid or evade from this definition we will never get a proper answer to even a single question. If we do any type of treatment by assuming that the temperature of fever is to increase blood circulation, the body will accept, at the same time body will resist whatever treatment to decrease blood circulation. If we measure the heat energy used for which activities in fever, we will know the purpose of the temperature of fever. No further evidence is required to prove the temperature of fever is to increase blood circulation.

Biography:

Ragunath Sharma has completed his B.Sc at the age of 24 years from Bharathair, India. I work as a senior laboratory Technologist at JDWNRH.

Abstract:

Introduction: Gonorrhea is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases and it is gradually increasing globally. Bhutan has very limited data on antibiotic resistance and treatment outcome.

Material and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in 2 major hospitals in Bhutan; Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital (JDWNRH) in the capital city and Phuntsholing General Hospital in the commercial city of Phuntsholing  for the period of one year (Jan-Dec,2015). All patients suspected of gonococcal urithritis and empirical therapy prescriptions for gonococcal infection were included.

For male patients’ urethral discharge was collected in the laboratory and female patients’ samples were collected by treating physicians and were sent to microbiology laboratory. Additional information on sexual history, prior treatment and medication and contact details were collected by pharmacy staff during the issue of medicines.  The patients’ review and follow up were also made after 2 weeks of medication outcome by the pharmacy staff.

Results: Total of 524 participants was followed up in the study from January to December in the 2 hospitals. The majority of participants were male and only 2.3% (12) was female. More than half of the participants (87.6% (459) were from JDWNRH belonging to age group 26-35 years old. Neisseria gonorrhea was positive in 76% (398) of microscopy and 73.1% (383) by culture. Resistance against Ciprofloxacin,Penicillin, tetracycline and nalidixic acid were 85.1%, 99.2%, 84.8% and 99.7% correspondingly. However, susceptible percentage against Cefodoxime, Ceftriaxone and Azithromycin were 99.0%, 100% and 100% respectively. Suspected treatment failure was seen only in one patient out of 220 followed up.

Conclusion: Most of the currently used antibiotics for gonococcal infection were susceptible to Neisseria gonorrhea thereby presenting high clinical cure rate.  It is very important to monitor the antibiotics resistance in Neisseria gonorrhea regularly. It is also recommended to conduct similar study to other hospitals.

Biography:

Dr. Rahul Hajare has been a hard worker all his academic life. After his PhD in Pharmacy from Bangalore which he completed with flying colours, he is fortunate to work with NARI primer HIV research Institute to complete Post Doc of world renowned scientist respected Dr. R.S. Paranjape retired Director & Scientist ‘G’ National AIDS Research Institute Pune. Rahul Hajare has Associate Professor of Medical Chemistry to Pune University (until 2020), he has serviced three times Associate Professor in Pharmaceutical Science and Analytical Science. Rahul Hajare is now Principal of Ishwar Deshmukh Institute of Pharmacy affiliated to council of India.

Abstract:

Fake can personality and personality is divine. According to a new research from Pune University teacher, living at higher latitudes, where there has also less sunlight, could result in a higher prevalence rate of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) increase sexual desire focus on the less teaching link up and more exchange skin in the game either or. The results of this project have exciting because they provide additional evidence for a new way of thinking about all time sex (ATS). Besides sexual pleasure, the Indian married men have different reasons for sex. According to Interpersonal Exchange Model of Sexual Satisfaction in sexual interaction, women give something and get something in return, but what it has that Indian married men attain? How can we explain their rewards by interpersonal exchange model? Can “real values” be called rewards? This study has undertaken to determine Indian married men’s rewards in sex by using the interpersonal exchange model of sexual satisfaction, and with regard to the cultural values among a sample of Indian married men.

Biography:

K. M. Yacob is a practicing physician in the field of healthcare in the state of Kerala in India for the last 31 years and very much interested in basic research. His interest is spread across the fever, inflammation, and back pain. He is a writer. He has already printed and published nine books on these subjects. He wrote hundreds of articles in various magazines. After scientific studies, we have developed 8000 affirmative cross-checking questions. It can explain all queries related to fever.

Abstract:

We have been hearing for centuries that ‘fever is not a disease but a symptom’. Physicians say that fever is a symptom of diseases like flu to cancer. The conservative fever definition, diagnosis, and treatments are based on fever as a symptom. All the studies related to fever as a symptom of a disease have been done without knowing the Purpose of the temperature of fever is. Without knowing the Purpose of the temperature of fever, how can fever included in the symptom definition? Temperature between 38o to 41o centigrade can be symptom of a disease? Most of the diseases may not have a fever. Sometimes it disappears. Then, is fever a symptom of which disease?

Biography:

Getachew Dinede received Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) from Jimma University, Ethiopia in 2008 and Master of Public Health in Field Epidemiology from Addis Ababa University, School of Public Health, Ethiopia in 2018. He joined Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) in 2015 as Epidemiologist. Currently, he has been serving as In-service Applied Veterinary Epidemiology Training (ISAVET) program coordinator. Prior to joining MoA, he served as regional veterinarian at Agricultural and Rural Development Bureau, Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State, Assosa, Ethiopia (2013-2014); as college instructor in Oromia Pastoral Areas Technical and Vocational Education and Training College, Yabello, Oromia, Ethiopia (2010-2012) and in Mickey Leland College, Gimbi, Oromia, Ethiopia (Oct. 2008-Aug. 2009).  He has about 10 years work experience with expertise areas, including surveillance, surveillance system evaluation, outbreak investigation, data analysis, epidemiology, zoonoses, risk analysis, scientific writing, and college teaching. Dr. Getachew has publications on peer-reviewed journals.

Abstract:

Background: Cholera remains a significant public health problem in more than one-third of the countries of the world. Cholera outbreak has become more common in Addis Ababa particularly in the rainy seasons; however, there is a paucity of data on risk factors associated with cholera outbreaks rendering interventions difficult. We investigated the outbreak to identify its etiology, source, risk factors and to control the outbreak.

Methods: We compared cases with health facility-based unmatched controls (1:2). Cases were patients aged ≥5 years with acute watery diarrhea, with or without vomiting while controls were persons aged ≥5 years without history of acute watery diarrhea. We interviewed our study participants using structured questionnaire to collect demographic and cholera risk factors data. We described the outbreak over time, and then tested our hypotheses using unconditional logistic regression.

Results: The outbreak began on 7 September 2017 reaching its peak on 23 September 2017 and ended on 01 October 2017. We identified a total of 25 cases (Median age: 38 years; IQR: 20 years) and recruited 50 controls (Median age: 35 years; IQR: 29 years). All case-patients had acute watery diarrhea and dehydration requiring intravenous fluids, with admission to cholera treatment centers but there were no deaths. Stool and water samples yielded isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1 of serological subtype Ogawa. Consumption of contaminated holy water (AOR: 21.81, 95%CI: 2.34, 203.10) and raw vegetables (AOR: 16.15, 95%CI: 2.52, 103.72) were independent risk factors whereas washing hands with soap after visiting latrine (AOR: 0.06, 95%CI: 0.008, 0.47) was independent protective factor. 

Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated cholera foodborne transmission via consumption of raw vegetables, and its waterborne transmission via consumption of contaminated holy water.  Washing hands with soap after visiting latrine was protective. We recommended cooking of vegetables and promoting hand washing.

Biography:

Dr.Umer Aziz Qazi has completed his MBBS, FCPS(Internal Medicine)(PAK), He is Fellow Diabetes and Endocrinology University Hospitals Birmingham, Registrar Acute MedicineHeartlands Hospital UK. He is a Member of American college of Physician and American college of clinical endocrinologists

Abstract:

Coronavirus disease is a global pandemic which has emerged from china. It usually presents with respiratory symptoms, like flu and fever but it can also have many atypical presentations. Here we present a case of 27-years old girl who was diagnosed as having COVID-19 disease and was having mild disease which was advised a treatment. She again reported back to hospital after two weeks of diagnosis with severe shortness of breath and was diagnosed as having pulmonary embolism.

Biography:

Kathrine Bernadette Apostol is a 1st year Neurology resident at The Medical City, Pasig City, Philippines. She first became interested in Neurology during her second year in medical school and has pursued her dream of becoming a neurologist in her home country. Her mentor and co-author, Dr Artemio Roxas Jr, is a practicing neurologist and a former president of the Philippine Neurological Association. He is an active consultant at The Medical City as well as an esteemed researcher who has authored and co-authored over a hundred research papers published both locally and internationally.

Abstract:

Introduction: Purely cerebellar syndromes complicating dengue fever in an adult patient with risk factors for stroke are rare. Our literature review identified only 5 other similar cases, all from tropical countries. Case This is a case of a 36-year old hypertensive and dyslipidemic Filipino male treated as a case of dengue fever. On the fourth day of his illness, he suddenly presented with cerebellar symptoms. Neuroimaging done was negative. His dyslipidemia and hypertension were managed accordingly with medications. His dengue was managed with IV fluid hydration and serial full blood count monitoring. All of his neurologic symptoms resolved spontaneously within 2 weeks.

Discussion: Dengue fever can manifest with neurological features ranging from 0.5% to 21% of in-hospital cases. In multiple case reports, patients with dengue cerebellar syndrome all recover spontaneously without permanent neurological sequelae. Five out of the six known cases, including that of our patient had unremarkable neuroimaging findings. The exact pathology of neurological syndromes in dengue fever are yet to be established.

However, due to the positive serum Immunoglobulin M (IgM) of the subjects, we can conclude that this may be immune mediated. Another possible pathology is the direct invasion of the virus. However, the predilection for the cerebellum is not yet known.

Conclusion: Physicians should be made aware of such complications as dengue is epidemic in our setting. Since dengue causes a hyper-coagulable state with a higher risk for stroke, stroke should still be ruled out by neuroimaging.

Biography:

Basha is currently a PhD student in Tropical and Infectious disease at Aklilu Lemma Institute of pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia. He has published 2 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health issue and WHO has also set the ambitious target of a 90% reduction in the incidence of new TB cases by 2035. However, LTBI is a major obstacle to eliminate TB because of different risk factors. Hence, in order to reduce the number of new TB cases, WHO adapted from End TB strategy that states screening and treating of LTBI; particularly, in prison environment. This is because that globally, prisons represent a major institutional amplifier for TB. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of LTBI in East Wollega Zonal prison, Nekemte town, Western Oromia, Ethiopia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study design and systematic sampling technique was used to select a sample of 352 from a total of 2620 prisoners aged ≥18 years for one month (May–June 2019) in East Wolllega prison, Western Oromia, Ethiopia. The selected inmates were interviewed using a structured pre-tested questionnaire; blood samples were collected from the study participants and screened for LTBI using interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). The Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 and logistic regression was used to model the likelihood of LTBI occurrence and to identify risk factors associated with LTBI.

Results: Overall prevalence of LTBI among prisoners was 51.17 % (95% CI: 46.45-57%) and with high prevalence in men, rather than women (53.0% vs. 43.5%, respectively), although no significant difference was highlighted. Using multiple logistic regressions, a prisoner’s age (age ≥45 years; AOR=2.48[1.04-5.9]), khat chewers (AOR=2.27[1.27-4.19]), staying >12 month in current incarceration (AOR=1.81[1.04-3.18]) and overcrowding (>100 individuals per cell; AOR=1.91[1.002-3.65]) were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05) predictors of LTBI.

Conclusions: The high prevalence of LTBI among the prisoners requires immediate steps be taken to identify and treat LTBI and counsel those found to be positive in this setting. Routine screening of prisoners for both TB and LTBI up on entry was highly recommended intervention to halt TB transmission in prisons. Similarly, reduction of overcrowding per cells, educating not to chew khat in overcrowded, unhygienic, and unventilated area and intensive monitoring of those stayed longer in prison may help reduce the TB transmission in this setting and in the community at large.

Biography:

Vladimir Zajac has completed his PhD. in 1982 at the Cancer Research Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences in Bratislava (Slovakia), where he worked as the Head of Department of Cancer Genetics from 1996 to 2010. He joined the Medical Faculty of the Comenius University as Associate Professor of Genetics in 2007. He has published 74 papers mostly in reputed journals and he was editor of the book „Bacteria, viruses and parasites in AIDS process“(In Tech, 2011).

Abstract:

Every virus is a parasite. They exist by themselves. He is envious of your wearer. This is the basic condition of its existence.  What living cell carries viruses? Based on work with bovine leukosis virus (BLV) in the stables, we monitored the course of infection in healthy animals and concluded that a bacterial cell can be the host of the virus. We tested this assumption and confirmed the results. This idea was then tested on the HIV model in the laboratory of Prof. Flossie Wong-Staal, UCSD. Even with this virus, we have been able to prove that its host may be bacteria, which was confirmed at the level of DNA as well as proteins.

In throat swabs from Kenya and Cambodian HIV positive children, HIV was detected in commensal bacteria and also in yeasts Candida albicans. Based on these results and indications, we conclude that all viruses are transmitted by bacteria or by yeasts. If all, the coronavirus. By destroying the bacteria carrying the viruses, the virus ceases to exist. If this idea is confirmed, many, if not all viral infections can be stopped. The virus-containing bacteria are stored in the respiratory and intestinal tracts and under optimal conditions, they multiply, penetrate the body through the cardiovascular system and attack the recipient's cells. This reversal, called the second wave of infection, can be prevented by applying appropriate antibiotics, which eliminate coronavirus-containing bacteria in the intestinal and respiratory tracts.

Biography:

Dessalegn Temesgen has completed his PhD at the age of 28 from Moscow biochemistry institute. He is ann asst professor at Addis Ababa Science and Technology University.

Abstract:

Every time, human being has responses against infectious diseases. These responses (measures) can work or miscarry out. A century ago Spanish flue, today within the two decades, we have three pathogen viruses: SARS; MERS; and SARS-CoV-2. Regarding to prevalence, today’s COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is the leader in disrupting social configurations. Within 4 months we have 1.5 million people infected, among which 80000 fatal. At this time, when civilization is at its the highest level, why we don’t implement the right prophylactic measures to stop this pandemic? Could this be because of business, or since corona is aggressive, stakeholders need time to understand its nature? The exact answer we may achieve after years (if not decades!).

To our side, starting from the end of March, 2020, are attempting to fascinate world’s attention to the fact that this type of respiratory based infection disease can be easily terminated by not letting the pathogen to enter into mouth and nostrils! However, instead of arming nations with the mentioned simple principle through relevant experts, stakeholders are deliberately/innocently undertaking blunders - we are witnessed that not only business oriented scientists, but also even presidents of some countries are behaving as a virologist, and artistically lecturing to their public about SARS-CoV-2. Assigning this political oriented muddle to international organizations and or for their own society, in this mixed (experimental and field survey) research, we have the following findings: revealed decisive sanitation-hygiene (prevention based prophylaxis) faults: in “distancing”, “hand washing”, “face masking”, etc. prevention  measures, which must be corrected as soon as possible; we unveil yet ignored ways of infection – the role of hairs’ factor and cold diets; outer garments role; and using a water bath as an alternative natural disinfectant; etc., that can help us in battling with this pandemic.

Furthermore, due to the fact  that this work more oriented to aware the public on how properly to implement measures for not to be infected and not to infect others, we have used pedagogical approach to address the above mentioned our results. Threfore, the article is accompanied with modified photographs and figures (to visualize the data) and for making the text part easily understandable for the community, unusually we used simplified terminologies.

Biography:

Divya Khanna has completed her intercalated International Health degree at the age of 22 years from the University of Birmingham, and intends to complete medical education at the same institution. She has developed a new interest in academic research, with her work on leprosy being her first publication-standard project. (Up to 100 words)

Abstract:

Brazil has a high leprosy burden and poor treatment outcomes (TOs). Pernambuco, an impoverished Brazilian state, has ‘hyperendemic’ leprosy. While current literature focuses on treatment compliance, inadequate research exists on other factors influencing TOs. This qualitative study explores the views of leprosy patients and their carers in Pernambuco, Brazil; identifying location-specific factors influencing TOs.

Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 patients and 13 carers, recruited using purposive and snowball sampling from three clinics in Petrolina, Pernambuco. Transcripts and fieldnotes were analysed using conventional thematic and deviant case analysis. The University of Birmingham and the Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Brazil provided ethical approval.

Two sets of four interdependent themes emerged: ‘personal factors’; ‘external factors’; ‘clinical factors’; and ‘the HCP-patient-carer relationship’. Inadequate participant knowledge and symptomatic relief caused distrust in treatment. However, HCPs effectively persuaded participants to adhere to pharmaceutical treatments. Better participant education facilitated treatment engagement, by encouraging evidence-based medicine belief and dispelling health myths and stigma. Healthcare was occasionally perceived as disorganised, particularly in resource-scarce suburbs and psychiatric care. Participants experienced ineffective diagnosis and contact tracing. Leprosy’s negative socio-economic impact, effect on interpersonal relationships, and stigma unfavourably caused altered senses of identity. Dialogue between patients, HCPs and carers facilitated individualised patient support

This study highlights the importance of: evidence-based leprosy education; communication between HCPs, patients and carers; state funding; and healthcare resource distribution. These findings inform location-specific leprosy-targeting strategies, and if ignored may hinder regional elimination. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of newly implemented leprosy-targeting strategies.

Biography:

Dr Brian McCann is a doctor in training working in Lincolnshire, who is interested in pursuing a career in infectious diseases.

Abstract:

We present an unusual case of a patient presenting with blurry vision, and rapid visual loss over two days as their main symptom. Examination demonstrated a maculopapular rash, which the patient had previously dismissed. Opthalmology examination showed significantly reduced visual acuity in left eye 1.06 logMAR, and features consistent with uveitis. A broad differential diagnosis was considered. Investigations showed Treponema pallidum IgM positive,VDRL/ RPR positive, titre 1:32. HIV negative. Lumbar puncture was performed with CSF PCR treponema pallidum positive VDRL 1:80. Treated with IV benzathine penicillin 2.4g six times a day, for fourteen days, in addition to high dose steroids. Rapid improvement in visual acuity and end of treatment, and resolution of rash. Partner also successfully treated.

Syphilis is a disease caused by the spirochete treponema pallidum, which is transmitted sexually, and from mother to child. This organism has the ability to affect any body system, which explains why it presents a diagnostic headache for clinicians, as it can present itself in a multitude of ways.  The incidence of syphilis cases is at its highest since WW2. Syphilis contributes to approximately 2% of uveitis cases, and forms an important part of a differential diagnosis. There are infrequent case reports in the literature presenting this way. Investigation and interpretation of lab results can be difficult, and these must always be interpreted in context of clinical picture. This case highlights the importance of taking a sexual history as part of a routine systemic enquiry, as this can direct us towards possible diagnoses, and guide investigation. The rising incidence highlights a need for clinicians to be vigilant of this infection, as it is highly difficult to diagnose. But importantly, it is also highly curable.

Biography:

Professor Eric Tchouaket holds a master’s degree in economics and health services management from Université de Paris Dauphine and a Ph.D. in Public Health from Université de Montréal. After completing a post-doctoral fellowship at Université de Sherbrooke in economic evaluation and public health, Prof. Tchouaket accepted a position in the department of nursing at Université du Québec en Outaouais. His current research program in the evaluation of nosocomial infection control is funded by both provincial and federal Canadian funding agencies. Prof. Tchouaket has authored over 50 peer reviewed articles and scientific communications in the field of public health.

Abstract:

Introduction: Nosocomial infections (NIs) are a worldwide serious public health issue associated with major morbidity and mortality. They also pose a growing economic burden to healthcare systems. Since 2004, in Québec, Canada, there have been mandatory programs for the prevention and control of NIs that encompass four clinical best practices (CBPs): hand hygiene, hygiene and sanitation, screening, and basic and additional precautions. The cost effectiveness of the Quebec programs has yet to be evaluated.

Objective: This systematic review sought to consolidate the evidence on the economic evaluation of these four CBPs related to NI prevention and control interventions in OECD countries.

Methods: We focused on keywords for the prevention and control of four multi-drug resistant organisms: Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CRGNB). We systematically searched in Medline, Cinahl, Cochrane, JSTOR, Embase, Web of Science, Cordis and OpenGrey. Studies published in English or French between 2000 and 2019 were considered. Costs were adjusted to 2019 $ CAD; the cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, and cost-benefit ratios were estimated.

Results: From 11,679 unique records, we retained 28 manuscripts; all in English, from 11 different countries. Ten studies included an economic evaluation of at least two CBPs. Studies evaluated cost (n=12), cost saving (n=1), cost effectiveness (n=9), and cost benefit (n=7) but not cost utility.

Conclusion: The results present the financial impact of nosocomial infection prevention and control interventions in OECD hospitals. These findings will help inform/contextualize an economic evaluation of Canadian healthcare monitoring programs.